Long bones develop mainly in length (such as the femur, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna, humerus) flat bones are characterized by having higher length and width than thickness (such as bones of the skull, shoulder blades, sternum) short bones are developed in a similar way in all three dimensions (such as the carpus and tarsus) and irregular bones are characterized by not having any dominant morphological element (such as in the case of the vertebrae). The surface of the bone is covered by the periosteum, a membrane connecting the processes responsible for bone growth and callus formation in fractures. The compact bone (or cortical), which is a layer of dense bone, is located below the periosteum and underneath the compact bone, is the location of the spongy bone (also called trabecular or cancellous bone), which contains bone marrow responsible for the production of blood cells.ĭepending on their shape formations, bones can be divided into long bones, flat bones, short bones and irregular bones. Bones are segments of varying shape, size and density, all of which constitute to form the skeletal system.
They are characterized by their hardness and mechanical resistance. Bones are a form of extremely specialized connective tissue, consisting of a mix of a dense organic matrix and inorganic mineral component.
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